Many people get cmv at some point in their lives, most often during childhood. Healthy babies and young children most often contract cmv from their peers and pass the virus to a pregnant woman. Pdf congenital cytomegalovirus cmv infection is the leading cause of infectious congenital defects and disabilities. Communicable diseases factsheet cmv is a common viral infection, especially among young children. Cytomegalovirus cmv is a virus that affects both adults and children. If a pregnant woman is infected with cmv, she can pass it to her developing baby. If a woman gets cmv during pregnancy, the virus can pass to the developing baby. Some signs that a baby might have congenital cmv infection when they are born are. Disease may occur again in persons with weakened immune systems. Cytomegalovirus cmv and pregnancy often go hand in hand.
Listing a study does not mean it has been evaluated by the u. Data sources include ibm watson micromedex updated 4 may 2020, cerner multum updated 4 may 2020, wolters kluwer updated. Cmv vaccine is currently unavailable and treatment options in pregnancy are limited. In germany, studies on the igg seroprevalence in pregnancy and in women of childbearing age are rare. Cytomegalovirus and pregnancy ambulatory care what you. A series of 238 cytomegalovirus primary infections during pregnancy. Cmv is ubiquitous, highly species specific, and, like other members of its family, infects almost. Human cytomegalovirus in blood of immunocompetent persons during primary infection. This information should not take the place of medical care and advice from your health care provider. Its the virus most frequently passed on to babies during pregnancy. Cytomegalovirus, also known as cmv, belongs to the herpes virus family, which is inclusive of chicken pox, cold sores and infectious mononucleosis. Cytomegalovirus infections ubiquitous virus most populations infections in early childhood often asymptomatic latency clinical disease increasing due to increasing number of immunocompromised patientsdr. Proportion positive for epsteinbarr virus, cytomegalovirus, human herpesvirus 6.
Congenital cmv infection can be diagnosed by testing a newborn babys saliva, urine preferred specimens, or blood. If a woman gets cmv during pregnancy, the virus can. Cytomegalovirus is the commonest cause of congenital viral infection in developed countries. According to the american academy of pediatrics, about 1 percent of babies are born with the infection, a condition called congenital cmv. Cmv seroprevalence across the globe varies substantially both between and within countries 47. Congenital cytomegalovirus infection following first trimester maternal infection. Cytomegalovirus cmv is a kind of herpes that you can pass to your baby at any time during pregnancy. Cytomegalovirus cmv poses a risk to fetal development only when contracted during the first half of pregnancy. Due to the severe risk of longterm sequelae, prenatal cytomegalovirus infection is of particular importance amongst intrauterine viral infections. Cytomegalovirus and pregnancy what you need to know. Interpretation of cmv igm results in pregnancy requires specialist virological interpretation. Infection during one pregnancy does not increase the risk for subsequent.
A search of the medline and embase database was done for articles about cmv infection in pregnany. About 1 out of every 200 babies is born with congenital cmv. Cytomegalovirus infection in pregnancy springerlink. Adapted from tsaparas yf, brigden ml, mathias r, thomas e, raboud j, doyle p. The most amazing part of this virus is that it comes and. Cytomegalovirus in pregnancy and the neonate fresearch. Susceptible pregnant women caring for children are at high risk for primary infection. Cytomegalovirus cmv is a virus that infects 50% to 85% of adults in the united states by 40 years of age. Reliable diagnosis of cytomegalovirus infection during pregnancy and. Cmv is spread by direct contact with an infected persons bodily fluids, such as saliva, urine, feces, semen, vaginal secretions, blood, tears, and breast milk.
Only 40% of these fetuses will develop the infection and of those, only 5 to 15% will have symptoms at birth. Congenital cmv occurs when the infection is passed across the placenta from a pregnant woman to her developing baby. It is that believed most adults are diagnosed with the virus by age 40. Cytomegalovirus, or cmv, is a common type of herpes virus that generally comes and goes without notice in healthy children and adults. Pcr detection of viral dna in serum as an ancillary analysis for the diagnosis of acute mononucleosislike syndrome. For babies with signs of congenital cmv infection at birth, antiviral. As a rule of thumb, lower socioeconomic groups have a higher incidence of cmv exposure and resourcepoor countries also have higher seroprevalence levels with infection from 84% to 100% iggpositive frequently acquired early. With each pregnancy, all women have a 3% to 5% chance of having a baby with a birth defect.
Diagnosis and management of cmv infection in pregnancy. It is important to know that if you are infected during pregnancy, cmv can infect and harm your unborn baby. In the absence of an effective vaccine, universal screening for cmv in pregnancy has been proposed, in order that primary infection could be diagnosed and potentially the. Although the majority of babies will not experience longterm complications, cmv can sometimes cause serious problems for. Majority of american adults are affected by this common virus. But what happens if a pregnant woman picks up cmv for the first time. Cytomegalovirus cmv infection in pregnancy the safety and scientific validity of this study is the responsibility of the study sponsor and investigators. Congenital cytomegalovirus is the most frequent, yet underrecognised, infectious cause of newborn malformation in developed countries.
In a severely affected fetus, cmv may result in intrauterine growth restriction iugr, microcephaly, calcification in the brain, cognitive disabilities, hearing loss, low. Most people have been infected with cytomegalovirus cmv, but do not have symptoms. Cytomegalovirus cmv infection in pregnancy full text. Congenital cytomegalovirus infection in pregnancy and the neonate. Access trusted, quality health information and advice. However, for some babies, cmv infection can cause birth defects or other health problems. Prevention of primary cytomegalovirus infection in pregnancy. Both can result in congenital infection, the leading infectious cause of mental retardation, sensorineural deafness and visual impairment.
Furthermore, the result of a study conducted in 1999 investigating 1,305 healthy. Learn more about cytomegalovirus cmv and how it can affect your pregnancy how to best prevent it. Cytomegalovirus cmv, a member of the herpes virus group, is the most common cause of congenital viral infection 1, 2 and the most common infectious cause of developmental delay and sensorineural hearing loss in the united states. Cytomegalovirus cmv and pregnancy fact sheet cmv is a common viral infection, especially among young children. Congenital cytomegalovirus infection in pregnancy and the. Investigation, diagnosis and management of viral rash illness, or exposure to viral rash illness, in pregnancy. In every pregnancy, a woman starts out with a 35% chance of having a baby with a birth defect. Congenital cmv and birth defects american pregnancy.
Cytomegalovirus cmv in pregnancy babycenter australia. Cytomegalovirus cmv seroprevalence in pregnant women. This material is provided for educational purposes only and is not intended for medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. Babies with congenital cmv may show signs at birth. This is a large group of viruses that can cause different kinds of diseases and health problems. No known guidelines, professional societies, or public health policies. About 1 out of 5 of these babies will have birth defects or other longterm health problems. The objectives of our study were to estimate the vertical transmission rate and fetal. Cytomegalovirus cmv from the greek cyto, cell, and megalo, large is a genus of viruses in the order herpesvirales, in the family herpesviridae, in the subfamily betaherpesvirinae. Cytomegalovirus cmv in pregnancy dr srisailesh vitthala duration. Cytomegalovirus cmv and pregnancy this sheet talks about the risks that exposure to cytomegalovirus can have during pregnancy. Learn how to protect yourself from cmv, how to treat cmv during pregnancy and what effect the virus may have on your baby.
Cytomegalovirus cmv is a member of the herpes virus family. This sheet talks about exposure to cytomegalovirus cmv in pregnancy or while breastfeeding. Cmv may be transmitted horizontally as a result of organ donation, blood transfusion, sexual contact, and contact with infected saliva and urine. Most babies with congenital cytomegalovirus cmv infection do not have longterm health problems. Human cytomegalovirusinduces cytokine changes in the placenta with implications for adverse pregnancy outcomes. Diagnosis of primary maternal cmv in pregnancy should be based on seroconversion in.
Medline was searched for articles published in english. Cytomegalovirus cmv infection is now the commonest congenital form of infective neurological handicap, recognized by the institute of medicine as the leading priority for the developed world in congenital infection. These specimens must be collected for testing within two to three weeks after the baby is born in order to confirm a diagnosis of congenital cmv infection. Cytomegalovirus, or cmv, is a very common member of the herpes family of viruses. Like other members of the herpes virus family, cmv can cause latent infection. Therefore, we retrospectively evaluated the cmv igg seropositive rate in 40,324 pregnant women as well as in 31,093 female and male bone marrow donors over 15 consecutive years 19962010. As other viruses of the herpesviridae family, it causes a primary infection and then remains latent in the body. Early primary cytomegalovirus infection in pregnancy. Cytomegalovirus infection, cmv during pregnancy find out what a cytomegalovirus infection means for you and baby read about diagnosis, treatments, causes, risks and prevention of cmv during pregnancy at. The intrauterine transmission of hcmv and an adverse outcome are mainly related to a primary maternal infection. Cytomegalovirus is a dna virus, and humans are its only known host.
There are currently no national guidelines on cmv education in the uk. However, in very rare cases, it can cause complications for an unborn baby. Does having cmv in pregnancy increase the chance of birth defects. The majority of persons with acute cmv will experience an inapparent infection.
Congenital cytomegalovirus infection is the most common congenital infection in neonates in the usa, affecting approximately 0. Access quality information from pregnancy planning through to early parenthood. Most healthy people do not have symptoms and recover without knowing they are infected. Prevention of maternalfetal transmission of cytomegalovirus after primary maternal infection in the first trimester by biweekly. Cytomegalovirus cmv and pregnancy fact sheet fact sheets. Cytomegalovirus also called cmv is a kind of herpesvirus. The eight species in this genus include the type species, human betaherpesvirus 5 hcmv, human cytomegalovirus, hhv5, which is the species that infects humans. Some are sexually transmitted diseases, some can cause problems like cold sores and some can cause infections like cmv.
Despite its clinical and public health importance, questions remain regarding the best diagnostic methods for identifying maternal and neonatal infection, and regarding optimal prevention and therapeutic strategies for infected mothers and neonates. Babies born with congenital cytomegalovirus cmv cdc. This sheet talks about whether exposure to cytomegalovirus may increase the risk for birth defects over that background risk. This is called congenital cmv, and it can cause birth defects and other health problems.
Communicable diseases factsheet cmv is a common viral. Consensus recommendations for prevention diagnosis and therapy. Cytomegalovirus cmv is the leading infectious agent causing congenital sensorineural hearing loss and psychomotor retardation. Once a person has been infected with cmv, the virus remains in the body for life, typically in an inactive latent form. You can become infected if, for example, you share eating utensils, kiss mouth to mouth, or have sex with an infected person.
Pdf cytomegalovirus infection in pregnancy researchgate. As with other herpes viruses, cmv remains latent within the host, reactivating and shedding when the hosts immune system is compromised. Usually, a cmv infection is shortlived, does not produce noticeable symptoms, and afterward lies dormant in the body for life. Primary and recurrent infections of human cytomegalovirus hcmv can occur during pregnancy. Also, it can cause problems in a newborn if the mother gets the infection during pregnancy. Cytomegalovirus cmv is the most common cause of congenital viral infections. Cmv is a common virus that rarely causes serious problems for healthy individuals with an unfortunate exception being pregnant women and their unborn babies. By age 40, half of the adult population has been infected with cmv. A pregnant woman infected with cmv can pass it to her baby at any time during pregnancy.
1246 211 1134 240 1196 648 54 1404 626 250 321 1124 696 1328 1304 1522 998 1439 1180 1390 1469 225 570 888 415 1229 1375 1018 769 887 15 1120 647 1306 95 148 1436